... sappiamo quanto a Starfighter stanno a cuore gli ammalati ed è per questo che promuove esperienze mediche così efficaci come ...

" hai mai fatti dabbing?sai cos'e'?al momento e' la tecnica piu usata qui per consumare cannabis,tutti vaporizzano estratti su bracieri di titanio e ceramica con dei bubbler,questa cosa e' fa femminucce???sai di cosa parlo? " .

...ah.... grullooooo !!

PARLI DI DABBING E CANNABIS CUP SENZA AVERE LA PIU PALLIDA IDEA DI COSA SI STA PARLANDO,SI TENGONO MIGLIAIA DI COMPETIZIONI ATTORNO AL MONDO COME LA CANNABIS CUP,A DIMOSTRAZIONE DELLA SICUREZZA DEL PRODOTTO IN QUESTIONE,NON MI RISULTA SI FACCIANO COMPETIZIONI DEL MIGLIOR TABACCO O DEL MIGLIOR BARBITURICO DELL'ANNO,O LA COPPA DELL'EROINA,COS'HAI DA DIRCI A RIGUARDO COGLIONE?

SE VUOI SAPERE COS'E' IL DABBING PROVA CON GOOGLE COGLIONE IGNORANTE

.. spiegacelo tu , genietto !

..ah ... grullo !!

UEI PAPPAGALO PROVA ALMENO A CAPIRE COSA C''E' SCRITTO AL POSTO DI RIPETERE COME UN COGLIONE,FATTI UN BEL DAB DI AMANITA FALLOIDE E MUORI FIGLIO DI PUTTANA,HAI IL KARMA NERO COME IL CATRAME,PISCIATI ADDOSSO COGLIONE

Pifferaio .... miserabile ...

28 agosto 2015 15:13 - Starfighter23
.....
LA STORIA CHE IL VAPORIZZATORE LO USANO SOLO I MALATI E' UN ENORME PUTTANATA,E' IL MIGLIOR MODO CHE STARE HIGH E' LA PROVA STA NEL FATTO CHE IN TUTTE LE CANNABIS CUP LA GIURIA TESTA I SAMPLE DI CANNABIS TUTTI CON IL VAPORIZZATORE,QUINDI CREDIMI NON SAI DI COSA PARLI,COSA CREDEVI CHE LA GIURIA SI METTEVA A ROLLARE 3000 CANNE DI CARTA PER TESTARE I SAMPLES? ......

hai mai fatti dabbing?sai cos'e'?al momento e' la tecnica piu usata qui per consumare cannabis,tutti vaporizzano estratti su bracieri di titanio e ceramica con dei bubbler,questa cosa e' fa femminucce???sai di cosa parlo? " .

I TOSSICI A CUI TU PULISCI IL CULO IN COMUNITA NON SONO PER NULLA MALATI,SE PIU MALATO TU DU LORO,I MALATI SONO ALTRI FIGLIO DI PUTTANA

Premesso che l'uso per fini medici é legale da anni, il tentativo di agitare casi pietosi per farti figurare come nume tutelare dei malati, che usi come scudo, viene smentito dalle tue stesse parole ...

7 settembre 2015 18:15 - Starfighter23
TORNA A PULIRE IL CULO AI TOSSICI IN COMUNITA' COGLIONE MUCCIOLENNIO
----------

28 agosto 2015 15:13 - Starfighter23
.....
LA STORIA CHE IL VAPORIZZATORE LO USANO SOLO I MALATI E' UN ENORME PUTTANATA,E' IL MIGLIOR MODO CHE STARE HIGH E' LA PROVA STA NEL FATTO CHE IN TUTTE LE CANNABIS CUP LA GIURIA TESTA I SAMPLE DI CANNABIS TUTTI CON IL VAPORIZZATORE,QUINDI CREDIMI NON SAI DI COSA PARLI,COSA CREDEVI CHE LA GIURIA SI METTEVA A ROLLARE 3000 CANNE DI CARTA PER TESTARE I SAMPLES? ......

hai mai fatti dabbing?sai cos'e'?al momento e' la tecnica piu usata qui per consumare cannabis,tutti vaporizzano estratti su bracieri di titanio e ceramica con dei bubbler,questa cosa e' fa femminucce???sai di cosa parlo? "

12 agosto 2015 21:05 - Starfighter23
.....sei malato di mente e non potrai mai goderti i piaceri della cannabis .....

------------------------

Pifferaio .... miserabile ...

SI GODO TANTO NELL'INSULTARTI E SMENTIRTI GIORNALMENTE,GRAZIE A TE E QUEI 4 COGLIONI FINTI CATTOLICI DELLE COMUNITA DI RECUPERO CHE RAPPRESENTI,IN ITALIA AI BAMBINI CON PATOLOGIE GRAVISSIME NON E' PERMESSO DI CURARSI CON LA CANNABIS FIGLIO DI PUTTANA,QUINDI MEGLIO FARLI PATIRE LE PENE DELL'INFERNO VERO? DARGLI LA CANNABIS MA CHE SCHERZIAMO MEGLIO FARLI CREPARE VERO FIGLIO DI PUTTANA?

... per giustificare la goduria ?? tua , tiri in ballo anche i bambini ammalati !

Pifferaio.... miserabile ....

I BAMBINI MALATI DI CANCRO CHE SI CURANO CON LA CANNABIS NON C'ENTRANO NULLA CON QUEI 4 TOSSICI DI MERDA A CUI TU PULIVI IL CULO IN COMUNITA' SCAFISTA DI MERDA FIGLIO DI PUTTANA LATRINA,QUINDI TORNA PURE A SERVIRE I TOSSICI COGLIONE

Premesso che l'uso per fini medici é legale da anni, il tentativo di agitare casi pietosi per farti figurare come nume tutelare dei malati, che usi come scudo, viene smentito dalle tue stesse parole ...

7 settembre 2015 18:15 - Starfighter23
TORNA A PULIRE IL CULO AI TOSSICI IN COMUNITA' COGLIONE MUCCIOLENNIO
----------

28 agosto 2015 15:13 - Starfighter23
.....
LA STORIA CHE IL VAPORIZZATORE LO USANO SOLO I MALATI E' UN ENORME PUTTANATA,E' IL MIGLIOR MODO CHE STARE HIGH E' LA PROVA STA NEL FATTO CHE IN TUTTE LE CANNABIS CUP LA GIURIA TESTA I SAMPLE DI CANNABIS TUTTI CON IL VAPORIZZATORE,QUINDI CREDIMI NON SAI DI COSA PARLI,COSA CREDEVI CHE LA GIURIA SI METTEVA A ROLLARE 3000 CANNE DI CARTA PER TESTARE I SAMPLES? ......

hai mai fatti dabbing?sai cos'e'?al momento e' la tecnica piu usata qui per consumare cannabis,tutti vaporizzano estratti su bracieri di titanio e ceramica con dei bubbler,questa cosa e' fa femminucce???sai di cosa parlo? "

12 agosto 2015 21:05 - Starfighter23
.....sei malato di mente e non potrai mai goderti i piaceri della cannabis .....

------------------------

Pifferaio .... miserabile ...

PERCHE SCAPPI CON UN COPIA E INCOLLA QUANDO CI SONO DOMANDE SCOMODE?COSA CI DICI DEI BAMBINI SALVATI DA TUMORI SERI GRAZIE ALLA CANNABIS COGLIONE?COSA CI DICI DELLA SINERGIA THC CBD PER CURARE IL CANCRO FIGLIO DI PUTTANA NON SCAPPARE,CERCA DI AROGMENTARE


cosa mi dici della cannabis che salva la vita a bambini affetti da leucemia?lo sai che ci sono molti bambini e famiglie che ringraziano questa pianta per aver salvato la vita ai loro figli,VOI SERVI DELLE COMUNITA TERAPEUTICHE DI ASSASSINI CHE POSIZIONE AVETE A RIGUARDO? BE SI SE I FIGLI ERANO VOSTRI SAREBBERO SICURAMENTE MORTI PER COLPA DELLA VOSTRA IGNORANZA SENZA CONFINI,FOSSE PER LA CHIESA QUESTI BAMBINI DOVREBBERO MUORIRE,PERCHE LA CANNABIS FA MALISSIMO, VERO?QUINDI LEGGI QUANTO SEGUE E PROVA AD ARGOMENTARE SENZA IL SOLITO COPIA E INCOLLA DI STUDI FAKE

CENTINAIA DI BAMBINI SALVATI DALLA CANNABIS MENTRE TU E IL TUO AMICO DUCCI STUDIATE LA CANNABIS DEL MERCATO NERO DI NAPOLI TRATTATA COL MEDATONE

COSA FARESTI SE AVRESTI UN FIGLIO IN QUESTE CONDIZIONI?LO FARESTI MORIRE?DARGLI LA CANNABIS? MA CHE SCHERZIAMO,PORTA LA RIDUZIONE DELLA MASSA CEREBRALE,NON SI PUO VERO?

IN QUESTO FORUM HAI AVUTO IL CORAGGIO DI PRENDERE IN GIRO PERSONE AFFETTE DA CANCRO COME IL NOSTRO AMICO ANANDAMIDE

QUESTO BAMBINO ADDIRITTURA SALVATO DALLA NONNA CHE NE SAPEVA PIU DI TE

L'HAI FATTO IL BACKUP DEI DATI?

Medical Marijuana Helped Save This Child From Cancer, But Only After His Mother Put Up The Fight of Her Life

On September 30, 2012, Sierra Riddle’s life was turned upside down when her 2-year-old son, Landon, was diagnosed with Leukemia and given an 8 to 10 percent chance to live past the next 24 to 48 hours.

“It was the absolute most terrifying day of my life,” Riddle wrote on Landon’s blog.

For the next four months, Landon would be subjected to rounds of chemotherapy, drugs and the side-effects of treating his cancer. Just 30 days after he started chemo, Landon’s physical appearance and quality of life changed.

Riddle was forced to watch her son vomit 30 to 50 times per day, withstand a 25 day food strike and spend holiday after holiday in a hospital room, as she and her family prayed for a miracle that would save her son.

Finally, in January of 2013, their prayers seemed to be answered.

“We discussed all of our concerns with his medical team in Utah and watched Landon continue to suffer and wither away as the piled on drug after drug,” Riddle said. “Then my mother came across cannabis oil online.”

Landon’s grandmother, who had always been against drugs, spent hours researching cures for cancer and eventually found enough information to convince her daughter to at least try the cannabis to help Landon.

However, living in Utah at the time, Riddle knew discussing cannabis use as part of her son’s treatment with his medical team would go nowhere. So, they packed up and moved to Colorado as “cannabis refugees.”

Riddle got her son a medical marijuana card and watched his health and smile return as his quality of life improved.

“Our hearts were filled with joy that cannabis brought back the smile to Landon’s face,” she added on his blog. “Landon started getting better and better! It was as if a miracle had happened! He was smiling again and started to eat again!”

Landon’s family watched as the side effects of Chemo seemed to lessen, his vomiting decreased to 10 times a day or less and his counts went up, but their move to Colorado didn’t provide the cannabis supporting doctors they had expected.

After five months of cannabis use and other natural remedies, Landon was in remission, but his doctors insisted that he should start chemo again. With the threat of losing her son, Riddle agreed to chemotherapy.

Although cannabis use had clear positive effects on Landon’s health, his doctors—like most others in this country—did not back the treatment as a proper way to treat cancer.

While Riddle didn’t lose her son or face charges, other families haven’t been so lucky. One Australian father is facing charges after using cannabis oil to treat his daughter’s cancer.

“It is atrocious that anyone on the planet would be charged for choosing cannabis over pharmaceuticals,” Riddle said. “My heart goes out to Adam Koessler and Rumor Rose, along with uncountable other families that are affected by cannabis prohibition.”

Although Landon and Rumor Rose’s stories have garnered much attention, the fight to allow medical marijuana as treatment in child cancer patients is still an uphill battle. Despite the use of the drug in many adult cancer patients, many doctors still frown upon its use in children.

To parents in her situation, Riddle gives a word of advice.

“Get ready for the fight of your life. Having a sick child is a battle in itself, but making this choice is a whole new world,” she said. “You’re going to need thick skin, intuition, and a solid team. Don’t waste time making sure every other pharmaceutical does more harm than good. If it feels wrong in your gut, it’s probably wrong.”

..questo é l'impegno di Starfighter , che mentre invoca rispetto degli ammalati dichiarandosi loro scudiero, usa espressioni dispregiative nei loro riguardi e suggerisce pratiche ai sani sul come ci si deve cannare al meglio .....

7 settembre 2015 18:15 - Starfighter23
TORNA A PULIRE IL CULO AI TOSSICI IN COMUNITA' COGLIONE MUCCIOLENNIO
----------

28 agosto 2015 15:13 - Starfighter23
.....
LA STORIA CHE IL VAPORIZZATORE LO USANO SOLO I MALATI E' UN ENORME PUTTANATA,E' IL MIGLIOR MODO CHE STARE HIGH E' LA PROVA STA NEL FATTO CHE IN TUTTE LE CANNABIS CUP LA GIURIA TESTA I SAMPLE DI CANNABIS TUTTI CON IL VAPORIZZATORE,QUINDI CREDIMI NON SAI DI COSA PARLI,COSA CREDEVI CHE LA GIURIA SI METTEVA A ROLLARE 3000 CANNE DI CARTA PER TESTARE I SAMPLES? ......

hai mai fatti dabbing?sai cos'e'?al momento e' la tecnica piu usata qui per consumare cannabis,tutti vaporizzano estratti su bracieri di titanio e ceramica con dei bubbler,questa cosa e' fa femminucce???sai di cosa parlo? "
-------------------------

Pifferaio... miserabile !!

cosa mi dici della cannabis che salva la vita a bambini affetti da leucemia?lo sai che ci sono molti bambini e famiglie che ringraziano questa pianta per aver salvato la vita ai loro figli,VOI SERVI DELLE COMUNITA TERAPEUTICHE DI ASSASSINI CHE POSIZIONE AVETE A RIGUARDO? BE SI SE I FIGLI ERANO VOSTRI SAREBBERO SICURAMENTE MORTI PER COLPA DELLA VOSTRA IGNORANZA SENZA CONFINI,FOSSE PER LA CHIESA QUESTI BAMBINI DOVREBBERO MUORIRE,PERCHE LA CANNABIS FA MALISSIMO, VERO?QUINDI LEGGI QUANTO SEGUE E PROVA AD ARGOMENTARE SENZA IL SOLITO COPIA E INCOLLA DI STUDI FAKE

CENTINAIA DI BAMBINI SALVATI DALLA CANNABIS MENTRE TU E IL TUO AMICO DUCCI STUDIATE LA CANNABIS DEL MERCATO NERO DI NAPOLI TRATTATA COL MEDATONE

COSA FARESTI SE AVRESTI UN FIGLIO IN QUESTE CONDIZIONI?LO FARESTI MORIRE?DARGLI LA CANNABIS? MA CHE SCHERZIAMO,PORTA LA RIDUZIONE DELLA MASSA CEREBRALE,NON SI PUO VERO?

IN QUESTO FORUM HAI AVUTO IL CORAGGIO DI PRENDERE IN GIRO PERSONE AFFETTE DA CANCRO COME IL NOSTRO AMICO ANANDAMIDE

QUESTO BAMBINO ADDIRITTURA SALVATO DALLA NONNA CHE NE SAPEVA PIU DI TE

L'HAI FATTO IL BACKUP DEI DATI?

Medical Marijuana Helped Save This Child From Cancer, But Only After His Mother Put Up The Fight of Her Life

On September 30, 2012, Sierra Riddle’s life was turned upside down when her 2-year-old son, Landon, was diagnosed with Leukemia and given an 8 to 10 percent chance to live past the next 24 to 48 hours.

“It was the absolute most terrifying day of my life,” Riddle wrote on Landon’s blog.

For the next four months, Landon would be subjected to rounds of chemotherapy, drugs and the side-effects of treating his cancer. Just 30 days after he started chemo, Landon’s physical appearance and quality of life changed.

Riddle was forced to watch her son vomit 30 to 50 times per day, withstand a 25 day food strike and spend holiday after holiday in a hospital room, as she and her family prayed for a miracle that would save her son.

Finally, in January of 2013, their prayers seemed to be answered.

“We discussed all of our concerns with his medical team in Utah and watched Landon continue to suffer and wither away as the piled on drug after drug,” Riddle said. “Then my mother came across cannabis oil online.”

Landon’s grandmother, who had always been against drugs, spent hours researching cures for cancer and eventually found enough information to convince her daughter to at least try the cannabis to help Landon.

However, living in Utah at the time, Riddle knew discussing cannabis use as part of her son’s treatment with his medical team would go nowhere. So, they packed up and moved to Colorado as “cannabis refugees.”

Riddle got her son a medical marijuana card and watched his health and smile return as his quality of life improved.

“Our hearts were filled with joy that cannabis brought back the smile to Landon’s face,” she added on his blog. “Landon started getting better and better! It was as if a miracle had happened! He was smiling again and started to eat again!”

Landon’s family watched as the side effects of Chemo seemed to lessen, his vomiting decreased to 10 times a day or less and his counts went up, but their move to Colorado didn’t provide the cannabis supporting doctors they had expected.

After five months of cannabis use and other natural remedies, Landon was in remission, but his doctors insisted that he should start chemo again. With the threat of losing her son, Riddle agreed to chemotherapy.

Although cannabis use had clear positive effects on Landon’s health, his doctors—like most others in this country—did not back the treatment as a proper way to treat cancer.

While Riddle didn’t lose her son or face charges, other families haven’t been so lucky. One Australian father is facing charges after using cannabis oil to treat his daughter’s cancer.

“It is atrocious that anyone on the planet would be charged for choosing cannabis over pharmaceuticals,” Riddle said. “My heart goes out to Adam Koessler and Rumor Rose, along with uncountable other families that are affected by cannabis prohibition.”

Although Landon and Rumor Rose’s stories have garnered much attention, the fight to allow medical marijuana as treatment in child cancer patients is still an uphill battle. Despite the use of the drug in many adult cancer patients, many doctors still frown upon its use in children.

To parents in her situation, Riddle gives a word of advice.

“Get ready for the fight of your life. Having a sick child is a battle in itself, but making this choice is a whole new world,” she said. “You’re going to need thick skin, intuition, and a solid team. Don’t waste time making sure every other pharmaceutical does more harm than good. If it feels wrong in your gut, it’s probably wrong.”

...ah... LyH130, non sono l'unico come affermi a ..

'Quindi l'unico che per lavoro ancora allarma la gente con pericolosi slogan sei te e sarai considerato sempre di'più un pazzo pericoloso spara balle .' ,

Anche l'Aduc ci si mette !!

"AUSTRALIA - Uso cannabis regolare sotto 17 anni. Studio: maggiore rischio suicidio e abbandono studio.

Notizia 10 settembre 2014 12:28

Chi usa regolarmente cannabis prima dei 17 anni ha una probabilità di oltre il 60% maggiore di abbandonare gli studi secondari ed è a rischio significativamente più alto di non completare quelli universitari, di usare altre droghe e di tentare il suicidio, rispetto a chi non l'ha mai fumata.

Uno studio australiano del Centro Nazionale di Ricerca su Droghe e Alcool dell'Università del Nuovo Galles del Sud conclude inoltre che non vi è un livello 'sicuro' di uso da parte di adolescenti, e che i risultati educativi più scarsi e i rischi accresciuti si verificano anche fra chi usa la droga meno di una volta al mese. Gli studiosi hanno elaborato i dati di 3765 partecipanti che hanno usato cannabis, da tre ampi studi di lunga durata sulla frequenza e sugli effetti del suo uso.

Secondo gli autori della ricerca, pubblicata su The Lancet Psychiatry, si tratta della dimostrazione più fondata dei danni della marijuana negli anni dell'adolescenza. I ricercatori hanno esaminato una serie di aspetti dello sviluppo fino all'età di 30 anni: completamento degli studi secondari, conseguimento di una laurea, dipendenza dalla cannabis, uso di altre droghe illegali, tentativi di suicidio, e depressione. Gli adolescenti sotto i 17 anni che assumevano cannabis quotidianamente avevano una probabilità di oltre il 60% minore di completare la scuola superiore o l'università, sette volte più alta di tentare il suicidio, 18 volte maggiore di sviluppare dipendenza dalla cannabis e otto volte maggiore di usare altre droghe illegali più tardi nella vita.

"I risultati sono particolarmente tempestivi, dato che diversi Stati Usa e paesi dell'America Latina si muovono verso la depenalizzazione o legalizzazione della cannabis, che la renderebbero più accessibile ai più giovani", scrive il principale autore dello studio, Edmund Silins. "Le autorità devono essere consapevoli che un suo uso in adolescenza è associato a una serie di esiti negativi sulla salute, sul benessere e sull'affermazione personale", aggiunge."

Ne avrei degli altri pubblicati dall'Aduc sulla stessa linea , ma oggi non voglio infierire sulla tua ignoranza sull'argomento.

..questo é l'impegno di Starfighter , che mentre invoca rispetto degli ammalati dichiarandosi loro scudiero, usa espressioni dispregiative nei loro riguardi e suggerisce pratiche ai sani sul come ci si deve cannare al meglio .....

7 settembre 2015 18:15 - Starfighter23
TORNA A PULIRE IL CULO AI TOSSICI IN COMUNITA' COGLIONE MUCCIOLENNIO
----------

28 agosto 2015 15:13 - Starfighter23
.....
LA STORIA CHE IL VAPORIZZATORE LO USANO SOLO I MALATI E' UN ENORME PUTTANATA,E' IL MIGLIOR MODO CHE STARE HIGH E' LA PROVA STA NEL FATTO CHE IN TUTTE LE CANNABIS CUP LA GIURIA TESTA I SAMPLE DI CANNABIS TUTTI CON IL VAPORIZZATORE,QUINDI CREDIMI NON SAI DI COSA PARLI,COSA CREDEVI CHE LA GIURIA SI METTEVA A ROLLARE 3000 CANNE DI CARTA PER TESTARE I SAMPLES? ......

hai mai fatti dabbing?sai cos'e'?al momento e' la tecnica piu usata qui per consumare cannabis,tutti vaporizzano estratti su bracieri di titanio e ceramica con dei bubbler,questa cosa e' fa femminucce???sai di cosa parlo? "

Pifferaio .... miserabile !!

@PISCIATURO4531

cosa mi dici della cannabis che salva la vita a bambini affetti da leucemia figlio di puttana?lo sai che ci sono molti bambini e famiglie che ringraziano questa pianta per aver salvato la vita ai loro figli,VOI SERVI DELLE COMUNITA TERAPEUTICHE DI ASSASSINI CHE POSIZIONE AVETE A RIGUARDO? BE SI SE I FIGLI ERANO VOSTRI SAREBBERO SICURAMENTE MORTI PER COLPA DELLA VOSTRA IGNORANZA SENZA CONFINI,FOSSE PER LA CHIESA QUESTI BAMBINI DOVREBBERO MUORIRE,PERCHE LA CANNABIS FA MALISSIMO,VERO INFAME DI MERDA?QUINDI LEGGI QUANTO SEGUE E PROVA AD ARGOMENTARE SENZA IL SOLITO COPIA E INCOLLA DI STUDI FAKE

CENTINAIA DI BAMBINI SALVATI DALLA CANNABIS BRUTTO FIGLIO DI PITTANA MENTRE TU E IL TUO AMICO DUCCI STUDIATE LA CANNABIS DEL MERCATO NERO DI NAPOLI TRATTATA COL MEDATONE

COSA FARESTI SE AVRESTI UN FIGLIO IN QUESTE CONDIZIONI FIGLIO DI PUTTANA?LO FARESTI MUORIRE?DARGLI LA CANNABIS? MA CHE SCHERZIAMO,PORTA LA RIDUZIONE DELLA MASSA CEREBRALE,NONC SI PUO VERO?INFAME DI MERDA DEVI FARE LA PEGGIO MORTE,ASPETTATI IL PEGGIO DALLA VITA FIGLIO DI PUTTANA VERME INFAME DI MERDA

IN QUESTO FORUM HAI AVUTO IL CORAGGIO DI PRENDERE IN GIRO PERSONE AFFETTE DA CANCRO COME IL NOSTRO AMICO ANANDAMIDE NON TI RICORDI PIU' INFAME DI MERDA,AUGURO A TE E TUTTA LA TUA FAMIGLIA DI MERDA PRIMA O POI DI PROVARE QUALCOSA DI SIMILE,INFAME

QUESTO BAMBINO ADDIRITTURA SALVATO DALLA NONNA CHE NE SAPEVA PIU DI TE COGLIONE DI MERDA

L'HAI FATTO IL BACKUP DEI DATI?

Medical Marijuana Helped Save This Child From Cancer, But Only After His Mother Put Up The Fight of Her Life

On September 30, 2012, Sierra Riddle’s life was turned upside down when her 2-year-old son, Landon, was diagnosed with Leukemia and given an 8 to 10 percent chance to live past the next 24 to 48 hours.

“It was the absolute most terrifying day of my life,” Riddle wrote on Landon’s blog.

For the next four months, Landon would be subjected to rounds of chemotherapy, drugs and the side-effects of treating his cancer. Just 30 days after he started chemo, Landon’s physical appearance and quality of life changed.

Riddle was forced to watch her son vomit 30 to 50 times per day, withstand a 25 day food strike and spend holiday after holiday in a hospital room, as she and her family prayed for a miracle that would save her son.

Finally, in January of 2013, their prayers seemed to be answered.

“We discussed all of our concerns with his medical team in Utah and watched Landon continue to suffer and wither away as the piled on drug after drug,” Riddle said. “Then my mother came across cannabis oil online.”

Landon’s grandmother, who had always been against drugs, spent hours researching cures for cancer and eventually found enough information to convince her daughter to at least try the cannabis to help Landon.

However, living in Utah at the time, Riddle knew discussing cannabis use as part of her son’s treatment with his medical team would go nowhere. So, they packed up and moved to Colorado as “cannabis refugees.”

Riddle got her son a medical marijuana card and watched his health and smile return as his quality of life improved.

“Our hearts were filled with joy that cannabis brought back the smile to Landon’s face,” she added on his blog. “Landon started getting better and better! It was as if a miracle had happened! He was smiling again and started to eat again!”

Landon’s family watched as the side effects of Chemo seemed to lessen, his vomiting decreased to 10 times a day or less and his counts went up, but their move to Colorado didn’t provide the cannabis supporting doctors they had expected.

After five months of cannabis use and other natural remedies, Landon was in remission, but his doctors insisted that he should start chemo again. With the threat of losing her son, Riddle agreed to chemotherapy.

Although cannabis use had clear positive effects on Landon’s health, his doctors—like most others in this country—did not back the treatment as a proper way to treat cancer.

While Riddle didn’t lose her son or face charges, other families haven’t been so lucky. One Australian father is facing charges after using cannabis oil to treat his daughter’s cancer.

“It is atrocious that anyone on the planet would be charged for choosing cannabis over pharmaceuticals,” Riddle said. “My heart goes out to Adam Koessler and Rumor Rose, along with uncountable other families that are affected by cannabis prohibition.”

Although Landon and Rumor Rose’s stories have garnered much attention, the fight to allow medical marijuana as treatment in child cancer patients is still an uphill battle. Despite the use of the drug in many adult cancer patients, many doctors still frown upon its use in children.

To parents in her situation, Riddle gives a word of advice.

“Get ready for the fight of your life. Having a sick child is a battle in itself, but making this choice is a whole new world,” she said. “You’re going to need thick skin, intuition, and a solid team. Don’t waste time making sure every other pharmaceutical does more harm than good. If it feels wrong in your gut, it’s probably wrong.”

Ennius sei stato insultato pesantemente, deriso, si è scoperto c'ho che sei.. Addirittura quando Anche le tue ricerche vengono smentite da altre più recenti, a quel punto pur andando contro la scienza, rivendichi gli stessi effetti deleteri della cannabis, appena smentiti da dei dottori e ricercatori. Quindi l'unico che per lavoro ancora allarma la gente con pericolosi slogan sei te e sarai considerato sempre di'più un pazzo pericoloso spara balle . mi sembra di aver capito, sempre contro, anche di fronte a a risultati di ricerca più moderni. Quindi te quando studi in verità non ti aggiorni. Capisco la tua ignoranza, probabilmente sei così per una difficile adolescenza, ma la sera non ti fumare una sigaretta con il whisky, dai retta a me, curati con l'erba magica,e chi lo sa, che non guarisci.

... non c'era bisogno che lo ricordassi .

Lo si dava scontato nel leggerti ......

dimentichi l'lsd che ho preso a 17 anni,basta frasi preconfezionate servo4531

Facciamo uno sforzo e superiamo le disattenzioni di Starfighter per chiarire altre cosette.

Starfighter ha dichiarato ...

' Senti ho 40 anni e ho consumato cannabis da quando ho 14 anni ....'' .
---------------------------

In relazione a quanto sopra, uno dei capi della ricerca, riportata trionfalmente da Starfighter , cosa ci dice ? 

'.. Terrie Moffit, professor of psychiatry at King’s College London, commented to the BBC: 

“It is such a special study that I’m fairly confident that cannabis is safe for over-18 brains, but risky for under-18 brains.”. 
------------------
Prendiamola per buona; per cui la conclusione a cui si arriva é: dal momento che Starfighter l'ha assunta prima del 18 anno di età, ha evidentemente corso dei rischi i cui effetti si commentano da soli .

Riporto un mio precedente parere aggiornandolo ad oggi...

l fatto che Starfighter riporti ampia documentazione critica sui tentativi di 
' ..minimizzazione del problema delle droghe e favorevole alla loro liberalizzazione.' 
e 
documentazione sugli effetti nulli delle stesse , 

ritengo la cosa ... pleonastica in quanto , nel leggere i commenti estemporanei dello stesso , al di là di qualsiasi studio scientifico o no, come si possono negare gli effetti deleteri sui neuroni da parte dell'erba magica ?

Infine, il fatto che esistano studi più recenti , perché dovrebbero essere più credibili rispetto a quelli precedenti più numerosi e di provenienza universitaria diversa ?

PRESENTATI CON STUDI DEL 2015 SE NO SEI UN COGLIONE FINITO CON QUELLI PUOI PULIRTI SOLO IL CULO,TI RICORDO CHE E' IN ATTO UNA GARA ALLA QUALE VINCE CHI TI CANCELLA L'HDD PER PRIMO

LE PIU BELLE CANNE SONO STATE QUELLE DA MINORENNE,PER NON PARLARE DEL LSD A 17 ANNI =))
QUI L'UNICO CHE DEVE AVERE VOGLIA DI SUICIDARSI SEI SOLO TU,NON I MINORENNI CHE USANO CANNABIS,VOLEVO MOSTRARE ALLA TUA STUPIDA ATTENZIONE UN ARTICOLO DI PLAYBOY CHE POTREBBE ESSERTI DI AIUTO VISTO CHE TU SEXUAL PERFORMANCE VERE NON NE HAI MAI AVUTE,TI CONSIGLIO DI CONSUMARE UN PO DI CANNABIS E PAGARE FINALMENTE UNA PUTTANA,PUGNETTARO

SEI LA COPIA DI GABRIELE PAOLINI


The Truth About How Marijuana Affects Male Sexual Performance

Shared by: Justin Lehmiller | Playboy.com

Justin Lehmiller, PhD is a sex educator and researcher at Ball State University

If you’re anything like me, you’ve heard different things from different guys about how marijuana affects sexual performance. Some say it helps; others say it hurts. So what does the research say? What effect, if any, does weed have on your, uh, joint?

Although survey studies have found that many guys report sexual benefits of marijuana use, such as increased sexual stamina, it is difficult to know what to make of findings like this. While the conclusion that marijuana helps guys last longer in bed is tempting, we cannot rule out the possibility that this drug simply alters men’s perception of time. In other words, sex might seem to last longer when you’re high, but the actual amount of time you spend having sex might not really be any different from when you’re sober.

In the hope of providing a more definitive answer, biomedical researchers have begun to conduct more controlled research looking at the effect marijuana has on erectile functioning. Their scientific efforts reveal that, rather than helping erections, weed could potentially hurt them.

Animal studies have found that cannabis has an inhibitory effect on certain receptors inside the erectile tissue of the penis. We don’t have parallel research showing the same thing in humans (at least not yet) because of ethical and legal difficulties in conducting the research, but the animal findings suggest that marijuana is more of a sexual inhibitor than it is a sexual enhancer.

However, there are a few caveats.

For one thing, researchers have long argued that dosage is a very important consideration when looking at the effects of this drug, just like it is with alcohol. If you consume marijuana or alcohol in small quantities, the inhibitory effects on sexual performance tend to be pretty minimal. In fact, you may actually experience an overall performance boost with low doses due to these drugs lowering inhibitions and stimulating desire.

In contrast, when drugs like marijuana and alcohol are consumed in larger quantities, erectile and other sexual problems (e.g., difficultly reaching orgasm) become much more likely.

Consistent with the idea that higher doses of cannabis may be problematic, research has found that the prevalence of erectile dysfunction is three times as high for daily marijuana smokers compared to those who don’t use it at all.

Beyond dose, there are at least two other things to keep in mind.

First, marijuana is not just one thing. There are different strains of cannabis that can affect the body in very different ways. One strain (indica) tends to more relaxing, while the other (sativa) tends to be more stimulating. Researchers haven’t yet looked at whether these cannabis strains impact sexual functioning in different ways, but it is worth exploring.

Second, people differ in their sensitivity to marijuana, just as they differ in their sensitivity to alcohol. We all know some people who get wasted after just one drink, and others who seem to keep it together no matter how much they imbibe. The same goes for smoking up or enjoying some edible treats: some get giddy, others get sleepy, and more than a few get paranoid.

Admittedly, the different psychoactive effects of marijuana probably result from a combination of differences in drug sensitivity as well as usage of different cannabis strains; however, even with the same strain, it is very likely that different guys will experience different sexual effects based on how it interacts with their own body chemistry.

The accumulated research exploring the effects of marijuana on male sexual functioning is pretty limited. While this research suggests that marijuana is likely to be an erection inhibitor, the answer is probably a bit more complicated than this, and we need a lot more hard data (pun fully intended) to understand why different guys report experiencing different sexual effects.

Justin Lehmiller, PhD is a sex educator and researcher at Ball State University and author of the blog Sex and Psychology. Follow him on Twitter @JustinLehmiller.

Facciamo uno sforzo e superiamo le disattenzioni di Starfighter per chiarire altre cosette.

Starfighter ha dichiarato ...

' Senti ho 40 anni e ho consumato cannabis da quando ho 14 anni ....'' .
---------------------------

In relazione a quanto sopra, uno dei capi della ricerca, riportata trionfalmente da Starfighter , cosa ci dice ?

'.. Terrie Moffit, professor of psychiatry at King’s College London, commented to the BBC:

“It is such a special study that I’m fairly confident that cannabis is safe for over-18 brains, but risky for under-18 brains.”.
------------------
Prendiamola per buona; per cui la conclusione a cui si arriva é: dal momento che Starfighter l'ha assunta prima del 18 anno di età, ha evidentemente corso dei rischi i cui effetti si commentano da soli .

Riporto un mio precedente parere aggiornandolo ad oggi...

l fatto che Starfighter riporti ampia documentazione critica sui tentativi di
' ..minimizzazione del problema delle droghe e favorevole alla loro liberalizzazione.'
e
documentazione sugli effetti nulli delle stesse ,

ritengo la cosa ... pleonastica in quanto , nel leggere i commenti estemporanei dello stesso , al di là di qualsiasi studio scientifico o no, come si possono negare gli effetti deleteri sui neuroni da parte dell'erba magica ?

Infine, il fatto che esistano studi più recenti , perché dovrebbero essere più credibili rispetto a quelli precedenti ?

UEI SERVO4531 INFAME4531 PRESENTATI CON STUDI DEL 2015 SULLA RIDUZIONE DELLA MASSA CEREBRALE SE NO SEI UN COGLIONE PER LO PIU GIA NEL 2013 AD HARVARD SI PUBBLICAVANO DEGLI STUDI CHE SMENTISOCONO IL TUO

This research confirms the findings of the reputable Harvard University from 2013: cannabis use does not have any impact on the size of the brain.

QUI SOTTO TI COPIO 2 STUDI DEL 2015 CON AUTORI E TUTTO SE NON SAI CON COSA RISPONDERE VATTENE AFFAREINCULO TU E LA TUA FAMIGLIA DI MERDA FIGLIO DI PUTTANA,TU STUDI DEL 2015 SULLA RIDUZIONE DELLA MASSA CEREBRALE NON NE HAI NEANCHE UNO,QUINDI AMMMETTI LA SCONFITTA VENDITORE DI PENTOLE USATE E NON GIRARE LA FRITTATA,TESTIMONE DI GEOVA,SCAFISTA DI MERDA,LURIDO INFAME DI MERDA,FAI FARE LA SCANSIONE 3D A TUTTA LA TUA FAMIGLIA DI MERDA


SEGUONO 2 STUDI DEL 2015 CHE SMENTISCONO COMPLETAMENTE LE TUE PUTTANATE SULLA RIDUZIONE DELLA MASSA CEREBRALE,CONTINUA A SPAMMARE FIGLIO DI PUTTANA,OCCUPA TUTTI I POST MIRACCOMANDO,SPERO CHE TU FACCIA UNA BRUTTA MORTE COME LA TUA AMICA COMPLOTTISTA ANNE BLOOD,SE NEL TUO STUDIO C'ERA LEI C'E' PROPRIO DA FIDARSI

SE NON SAI CON CHE STUDI RISPONDERE NON GIRARE LA FRITTATA PERCHE NON RISPONDERO'PIU,VEDRAI LE CONSEGUENZE DAL VIVO INFAME DI MERDA

--------------------------------------------------
Daily Marijuana Use Is Not Associated with Brain Morphometric Measures in Adolescents or Adults

Barbara J. Weiland1, Rachel E. Thayer1, Brendan E. Depue2, Amithrupa Sabbineni1, Angela D. Bryan1, and Kent E. Hutchison1

+
Show Affiliations

Author contributions: K.E.H. designed research; K.E.H. performed research; B.J.W., R.E.T., B.E.D., A.S., A.D.B., and K.E.H. analyzed data; B.J.W., R.E.T., A.D.B., and K.E.H. wrote the paper.

The Journal of Neuroscience, 28 January 2015, 35(4): 1505-1512; doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2946-14.2015


Abstract

Recent research has suggested that marijuana use is associated with volumetric and shape differences in subcortical structures, including the nucleus accumbens and amygdala, in a dose-dependent fashion. Replication of such results in well controlled studies is essential to clarify the effects of marijuana. To that end, this retrospective study examined brain morphology in a sample of adult daily marijuana users (n = 29) versus nonusers (n = 29) and a sample of adolescent daily users (n = 50) versus nonusers (n = 50). Groups were matched on a critical confounding variable, alcohol use, to a far greater degree than in previously published studies. We acquired high-resolution MRI scans, and investigated group differences in gray matter using voxel-based morphometry, surface-based morphometry, and shape analysis in structures suggested to be associated with marijuana use, as follows: the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, hippocampus, and cerebellum. No statistically significant differences were found between daily users and nonusers on volume or shape in the regions of interest. Effect sizes suggest that the failure to find differences was not due to a lack of statistical power, but rather was due to the lack of even a modest effect. In sum, the results indicate that, when carefully controlling for alcohol use, gender, age, and other variables, there is no association between marijuana use and standard volumetric or shape measurements of subcortical structures.

Introduction

The United States has seen changing trends concerning the acceptance of marijuana. As of 2013, 20 states had either decriminalized marijuana or legalized medical use. Colorado, Washington, Oregon, and Alaska have now legalized its recreational use. Concurrently, the popular press has shown significant interest in scientific studies on the effects of marijuana use. Two widely featured studies include one suggesting that regular marijuana use decreases IQ [Meier et al., 2012 (which has been challenged for not accounting for a confounding effect of socioeconomic status); Rogeberg, 2013], and another suggesting that “recreational use” causes brain abnormalities (Gilman et al., 2014).

To be sure, these two studies do not stand alone. Other studies of the relationship between marijuana use and brain morphology have found equivocal results (Lisdahl et al., 2014; Lorenzetti et al., 2014). Marijuana use has been associated with both increased (Cousijn et al., 2012) and decreased (Yücel et al., 2008; Demirakca et al., 2011; Solowij et al., 2011) volumes of subcortical structures, or both (Battistella et al., 2014). Importantly, these studies were not designed to determine causality (i.e., that marijuana use causes morphological changes), which would require a longitudinal design to establish temporal precedence.

Finally, many studies did not adequately exclude the effects of confounding variables. Several reports included marijuana groups that differed from control groups in alcohol use/abuse (Demirakca et al., 2011; Solowij et al., 2011; Schacht et al., 2012; Gilman et al., 2014). Unlike marijuana, alcohol abuse has been unequivocally associated with deleterious effects on brain morphology and cognition in both adults (Sullivan, 2007; Harper, 2009) and adolescents (Nagel et al., 2005; Medina et al., 2008; Squeglia et al., 2012). Statistically controlling for comorbid alcohol abuse, as many studies do, is not an ideal strategy, especially in small groups or under conditions where covariates may interact with the independent variable (Miller and Chapman, 2001). Thus, it is possible that alcohol use, or other factors, may explain some of the contradictory findings to date.

Given the interest in the risks associated with marijuana use among the general public and policy makers, replication of reports that marijuana use is associated with morphological changes in the brain is essential. To that end, we retrospectively examined brain morphology in a sample of adult daily marijuana users (n = 29) versus nonusing control subjects (n = 29), using techniques identical to those used in the study by Gilman et al. (2014). We examined the same variables in adolescent daily users (n = 50) versus nonusers (n = 50). Importantly, there were two differences in our analytic approach. Because the previous study suggested an exposure-dependent effect (Gilman et al., 2014), we compared daily users to nonusers. Evaluating the extremes should provide greater statistical power (McClelland, 1997). Furthermore, groups were matched on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), whereas groups differed on AUDIT scores in the original article. We evaluated the following structures that were the focus of recent studies of marijuana: the bilateral nucleus accumbens and amygdala (Gilman et al., 2014); hippocampus (Demirakca et al., 2011; Schacht et al., 2012); and cerebellum (Solowij et al., 2011; Cousijn et al., 2012).
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Materials and Methods
Adult participants and measures.

Adult participants (N = 503) were recruited from the greater Albuquerque, NM, or Boulder/Denver, CO, metropolitan regions through advertisements for studies on alcohol/substance use. Exclusionary criteria and study details have been specified in previous publications (Filbey et al., 2008; Claus et al., 2011). Written informed consent, approved by the University of New Mexico Human Research Committee, was obtained from all participants.

Participants completed the Time Line Follow Back (TLFB) to assess quantity and frequency of substance use for the past 60 d (Sobell and Sobell, 1992), the AUDIT to assess hazardous drinking/dependence (Saunders et al., 1993), the Impulsive Sensation-Seeking Scale (IMPSS) of the Zuckerman–Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (Zuckerman et al., 1993), the Beck Depression Inventory (Beck et al., 1961), and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (Beck et al., 1988).

Based on the TLFB data, a subset of subjects was identified as daily marijuana users (n = 29, 16 male and 13 female). From the remaining subjects, age, gender, and AUDIT scores were used to create a matched control group reporting no marijuana use in the past 60 d.
Adolescent participants and measures.

Adolescent participants (N = 262) were recruited through juvenile justice services in Albuquerque as part of a larger study on adolescent risk behavior (Magnan et al., 2013). All eligible participants were assented, and parental or legal guardian consent was obtained before participation; the University of New Mexico Human Research Committee approved all study procedures. Exclusionary criteria were the use of psychotropic medications or diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder other than attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Adolescents were identified based on the frequency of their marijuana use during the past 3 months (White and Labouvie, 1989) as daily users (n = 50, 41 male and 9 female) or as part of a matched group of nonusers (n = 50, 36 male and 14 female). Additional measures for quantity and frequency of alcohol use and cigarette smoking were obtained from the assessment of the past 3 months (White and Labouvie, 1989). Adolescents also completed the AUDIT and IMPSS as well as the Children's Depression Inventory (Kovacs, 1992).
Anatomical image acquisition.

Both neuroimaging sites have 3 T Siemens Trio scanners with 12-channel radio frequency coils. High-resolution T1-weighted structural images were acquired using the same 5-echo multi-echo MPRAGE sequence, as follows: TE = 1.64, 3.5, 5.36, 7.22, and 9.08 ms; TR = 2.53 s; TI = 1.2 s; flip angle = 7°; excitations = 1; slice thickness = 1 mm; field of view = 256 mm; resolution = 256 × 256 × 176; voxel size 1 × 1 × 1 mm; pixel bandwidth = 650 Hz.
Voxel-based morphometry volumetric/density analysis.

Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analyses were performed using the FSLVBM analysis pipeline in FSL (version 5.0.1) (http://fsl.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/fsl/fslwiki/FSLVBM) following standard automated processing (Ashburner and Friston, 2000; Good et al., 2001), as in other publications (Depue et al., 2014; Gilman et al., 2014). Briefly, images were brain extracted and normalized to Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) standard space. Resulting images were averaged to create a study-specific template, to which native gray matter (GM) images were reregistered and modulated. The modulated segmented images were smoothed with an isotropic Gaussian kernel with a ? of 3, yielding a full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 6.9 mm. The resulting subject-specific GM probability maps were input into a general linear model (GLM) to test for group differences between nonusers and daily marijuana users, controlling for intracranial volume (ICV). Two separate GLM analyses were performed to assess the following: (1) whole-brain GM volume/density; and (2) partial volume region of interest (ROI) using the bilateral nucleus accumbens, amygdala, hippocampi, and the cerebellum. Separate masks for each of these seven ROIs were created from the Harvard-Oxford Sub-Cortical Atlas. Multiple-comparison correction used voxelwise thresholding applied using the FSL Randomize permutation-based non-parametric testing with 5000 Monte Carlo simulations. Clusterwise extent correction using the FSL built-in cluster-based thresholding technique was applied with a threshold of t 2.3.

In addition, we extracted the volume for each of the ROIs; these values were entered into a multivariate GLM (SPSS version 21) to test for group differences, controlling for ICV.
FreeSurfer surface-based morphometry volumetric analysis.

Surface-based morphometry (SBM) analyses used FreeSurfer version 5.1 (https://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/) to perform cortical reconstruction and volumetric segmentation were similar to previous work (Gilman et al., 2014; Weiland et al., 2014). Briefly, these methods included motion correction, Talairach transformation, and segmentation and parcellation of cortical and subcortical structures (Dale et al., 1999; Fischl et al., 2004). The resulting subject-specific volume maps were input into GLM analyses to perform whole-brain analyses testing for group differences between nonusers and daily marijuana users, controlling for ICV. To correct for multiple comparisons, p-maps were thresholded to yield an expected false discovery rate of 5% (Genovese et al., 2002). Next, ROI analyses used FreeSurfer output data for bilateral nucleus accumbens, amygdala, hippocampi, and cerebellum. These volumes were entered into a GLM to test for group differences while controlling for ICV.

Finally, FreeSurfer outputs volumetric data for 35 cortical structures per hemisphere, as well as right and left thalamus, pallidum, and the a priori structures tested in the ROI analyses (i.e., nucleus accumbens, amygdala, hippocampus, and cerebellum). Volumes of all 82 structures were entered into a multivariate GLM to test for the group effect on any structure with ICV as a covariate.
FIRST shape analysis.

Shape analyses were performed using the FSL (version 5.0.1) FIRST toolbox, as in other studies (Depue and Banich, 2012; Depue et al., 2014; Gilman et al., 2014). Briefly, shape models in FIRST are constructed from a library of manually segmented images. FIRST searches for the most probable shape instance given the observed intensities from input images. Segmentation was performed with two-stage transformation to MNI space (Woolrich et al., 2009) with boundary voxels thresholded at 6.9 mm FWHM for bilateral nucleus accumbens, amygdala, and hippocampi (FIRST does not currently provide a shape model for the cerebellum). Permutation testing used FSL Randomize with 5000 Monte Carlo simulations to test for group differences in shape, correcting for multiple vertex comparisons. Clusterwise extent correction was applied, with a threshold of F 3.0.
Evaluation of effect sizes from recently published papers.

Finally, we sought to compare our study to other recent studies in the literature. We evaluated the articles listed in the recent review by Lorenzetti et al. (2014) and, where volumetric means were available, calculated effect sizes as Cohen's d (Cohen, 1988) for the accumbens, amygdala, hippocampus, and cerebellum.
Previous Section
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Results
Participants

Nonusers and daily marijuana users were nearly identical in terms of age and AUDIT scores, with no significant differences on other measures of comorbid alcohol and tobacco use, depression, anxiety, impulsivity, sensation


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SECONDO STUDIO 2015


Shared Predisposition in the Association Between Cannabis Use and Subcortical Brain Structure


David Pagliaccio, PhD1; Deanna M. Barch, PhD2,3,4; Ryan Bogdan, PhD3; Phillip K. Wood, PhD5; Michael T. Lynskey, PhD6; Andrew C. Heath, DPhil2; Arpana Agrawal, PhD2
[-] Author Affiliations
1The Program in Neuroscience, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
2Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
3Department of Psychology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
4Department of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
5Department of PsychologicalSciences, University of Missouri, Columbia
6Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Addictions, King’s College London, London, England
JAMA Psychiatry. Published online August 26, 2015. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.1054




Importance Prior neuroimaging studies have suggested that alterations in brain structure may be a consequence of cannabis use. Siblings discordant for cannabis use offer an opportunity to use cross-sectional data to disentangle such causal hypotheses from shared effects of genetics and familial environment on brain structure and cannabis use.

Objectives To determine whether cannabis use is associated with differences in brain structure in a large sample of twins/siblings and to examine sibling pairs discordant for cannabis use to separate potential causal and predispositional factors linking lifetime cannabis exposure to volumetric alterations.

Design, Setting, and Participants Cross-sectional diagnostic interview, behavioral, and neuroimaging data were collected from community sampling and established family registries from August 2012 to September 2014. This study included data from 483 participants (22-35 years old) enrolled in the ongoing Human Connectome Project, with 262 participants reporting cannabis exposure (ie, ever used cannabis in their lifetime).

Main Outcomes and Measures Cannabis exposure was measured with the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism. Whole-brain, hippocampus, amygdala, ventral striatum, and orbitofrontal cortex volumes were related to lifetime cannabis use (ever used, age at onset, and frequency of use) using linear regressions. Genetic (?g) and environmental (?e) correlations between cannabis use and brain volumes were estimated. Linear mixed models were used to examine volume differences in sex-matched concordant unexposed (n?=?71 pairs), exposed (n?=?81 pairs), or exposure discordant (n?=?89 pairs) sibling pairs.

Results Among 483 study participants, cannabis exposure was related to smaller left amygdala (approximately 2.3%; P?=?.007) and right ventral striatum (approximately 3.5%; P?

Mi dispiace , ma non posso deludere il tuo sodale W3C_Freedom .

O ci dai il numero di protocollo oppure non possiamo prendere nulla in considerazione.

.... Lex, dura lex, sed lex.

Intanto, leggiamo ...

The Journal of Neuroscience, April 16, 2014 • 34(16):5529 –5538 • 5529

Neurobiology of Disease

Cannabis Use is Quantitatively Associated with Nucleus Accumbens and Amygdala (ndr ..è una parte del cervello che gestisce le emozioni ed in particolar modo la paura[1]. ) Abnormalities in Young Adult Recreational Users

Jodi M. Gilman,1,4,5 John K. Kuster,1,2* Sang Lee,1,6* Myung Joo Lee,1,6* Byoung Woo Kim,1,6 Nikos Makris,3,5 Andre van der Kouwe,4,5 Anne J. Blood,1,2,4,5† and Hans C. Breiter1,2,4,6†?1Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, 2Mood and Motor Control Laboratory, 3Center for Morphometric Analysis, Department of Psychiatry, and 4Athinoula A. Martinos Center in Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, 5Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, and 6Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 06011

Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug in the United States, but little is known about its effects on the human brain, particularly on reward/aversion regions implicated in addiction, such as the nucleus accumbens and amygdala. Animal studies show structural changes in brain regions such as the nucleus accumbens after exposure to ????9-tetrahydrocannabinol, but less is known about cannabis use and brain morphometry in these regions in humans.

We collected high-resolution MRI scans on young adult recreational marijuana users and nonusing controls and conducted three independent analyses of morphometry in these structures: (1) gray matter density using voxel-based morphometry, (2) volume (total brain and regional volumes), and (3) shape (surface morphometry).

Gray matter density analyses revealed greater gray matter density in marijuana users than in control participants in the left nucleus accumbens extending to subcallosal cortex, hypothalamus, sublenticular extended amygdala, and left amygdala, even after controlling for age, sex, alcohol use, and cigarette smoking. Trend-level effects were observed for a volume increase in the left nucleus accumbens only. Significant shape differences were detected in the left nucleus accumbens and right amygdala.

The left nucleus accumbens showed salient exposure- dependent alterations across all three measures and an altered multimodal relationship across measures in the marijuana group.
These data suggest that marijuana exposure, even in young recreational users, is associated with exposure-dependent alterations of the neural matrix of core reward structures and is consistent with animal studies of changes in dendritic arborization.

.......

This work was supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (Grants 14118, 026002, 026104, and 027804 to H.C.B. and Grant 034093 to J.M.G.), the Office of National Drug Control Policy, Counterdrug Technology Assessment Center (Grants DABK39-03-0098 and DABK39-03-C-0098), and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (Grant 052368 to A.J.B.). H.C.B. was also supported by the Warren Wright Adolescent Center at Northwestern Memorial Hospital and Northwestern University, Chicago. J.M.G. was supported by a Harvard Medical School Norman E. Zinberg Fellowship in Addiction Psychiatry Research.
The authors declare no competing financial interests.?

P.s. Riporto altri dati ponendo il dilemma : che siano i numeri di protocollo ?

DOI:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4745-13.2014?
Copyright © 2014 the authors 0270-6474/14/345529-10

HAI SOLO DA USARE GOOGLE FIGLIO DI PUTTANA E TI VAI A SCARICARE QUELLO COPIATO E INCOLLATO QUI SOTTO,TRA L'ALTRO SPESSO CITO FONTI E AUTORI

NON GIRIAMO LA FRITTATA PARLIAMO DI HARVARD COGLIONE,COME MAI LO STESSO ISTITUTO CHE HA FATTO LO STUDIO CHE PROPONI DA ANNI L'HA SMENTITO CON STUDI DEL 2013 2014 E 2015 COME RIPORTATO SOTTO,COS'HAI DA DIRCI A RIGUARDO DEFICENTE?

Secondo la 'legge' del tuo sodale W3C_Freedom, il tuo arrabattarti a copia/incollare Starfighter , non ha base scientifica in quanto mancherebbe anche del .. numero di protocollo !

Alcuni passi della 'legge' succitata .

"... di tutto quello che dici , non c'è traccia, non è documentato per data, numero di protocollo, ricercatori..

Dunque le chiacchiere stanno a zero così come riportate da te, inoltre non è pubblicato un numero di telefono, linea fax, e-mail per contattare i ricercatori.

Ritorno col dirti che quello che hai scritto fino ad oggi e che continuerai a scrivere, non ha e non avra' alcun fondamento, finche' non ci saranno le ricerche documentate da poter leggere come files:

*.dbk; *.html; *.tex; *.texi; *.txt

o da poter ascoltare come files:

*.flac; *.ogg

o da poter vedere come files:

*.mkv; *.ogv; *.webm " . "
--------------------------
Comunque, ribadisco il mio giudizio sul riportare da parte di Starfighter ampia documentazione critica sui tentativi di

' ..minimizzazione del problema delle droghe e favorevole alla loro liberalizzazione.'
e
documentazione sugli effetti nulli delle stesse :

ritengo la cosa ... pleonastica in quanto , nel leggere i commenti estemporanei dello stesso , al di là di qualsiasi studio scientifico o no, come si possono negare gli effetti deleteri sui neuroni da parte dell'erba magica ?

P.s. Nei pochi momenti in cui esci dal tuo mondo fatto di vaporizzatori e sative, fatto dire come pigiare il tasto ... sblocca maiuscole....

SE TU AVESSI UN MINIMO DI ORGOGLIO E DI DIGNITA',DOVRESTI ANDARTENE AFFANCULO VIA DA QUESTO FORUM PUNTO,SEI STATO SPUTTANATO,INSULTATO E UMILLIATO IN TUTTE LE FORME DA 10 ANNI,MA SEI MASOCHISTA CHE CONTINUI A VENIRE A MANGIARE MERDA SU ADUC?

VUOI PARLARE DI CANNABIS SENZA AVERE LE COMPETENZE,SENZA AVERLA MAI PROVATA,VUOI GUIDARE UNA FERRARI SENZA PATENTE,AVVENTURANDOTI SU TERRENI IMPERVI,TI DO UN CONSIGLIO LEVATI DAI COGLIONI,NON TI CREDE PIU NESSUNO SEI PEGGIO DEI TESTIMONI DI GEOVA FIGLIO DI PUTTANA,VAI A DERIDERE I MALATI DA UN ALTRA PARTE SCAFISTA VERME INFAME,PISCIATI ADDOSSO E SPARATI COGLIONE

@ENNIUS MERDUS VERMUS

"What is clear, though, is that cannabis use is not the cause of the illness. This view is shared by the authors of the latest study, which was published early August 2015"

ad harvard l'ultimo l'hanno pubblicato agli inizi di Agosto inpiu ci sono studi del 2013 e 2014 che lo smontano,ho detto di rispondere allo studio qui sotto con materiale del 2015 se no sei un coglione

JAMA Psychiatry. Published online August 26, 2015. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.1054

quindi io l'ultimo che ho postato e' di fine agosto 2015 tu invece figlio di puttana con cosa rispondi?non ti arrampicare sui vetri cefca di argomentare e riponderee su come mai Harvard Medical school ha smontato IL TUO STUDIO
SPAZZATURA CON 3 STUDI 2013 2014 E 2015

TI RICORDO BRUTTO FIGLIO DI PUTTANA CHE DR LESTER GREENSPOON E' UN PROFESSORE ASSOCIATO EMERITO DI PSICHIATRIA ALLA HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL DA TE CITATA 1000 VOLTE,QUINDI TROVATI ALTRI STUDI E NON CITARE PIU HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL,VISTO HANNO PUBBLICATO DECINE DI STUDI A FAVORE DELLA CAUSA E AD HARVARD I VERTICI SONO PROCANNABIS


PRESENTATI CON QUALCOSA DEL 2015 FIGLIO DI PUTTANA NON C'E' PIU SPAZIO PER LE TUE MENZOGNE



Shared Predisposition in the Association Between Cannabis Use and Subcortical Brain Structure

Importance Prior neuroimaging studies have suggested that alterations in brain structure may be a consequence of cannabis use. Siblings discordant for cannabis use offer an opportunity to use cross-sectional data to disentangle such causal hypotheses from shared effects of genetics and familial environment on brain structure and cannabis use.

Objectives To determine whether cannabis use is associated with differences in brain structure in a large sample of twins/siblings and to examine sibling pairs discordant for cannabis use to separate potential causal and predispositional factors linking lifetime cannabis exposure to volumetric alterations.

Design, Setting, and Participants Cross-sectional diagnostic interview, behavioral, and neuroimaging data were collected from community sampling and established family registries from August 2012 to September 2014. This study included data from 483 participants (22-35 years old) enrolled in the ongoing Human Connectome Project, with 262 participants reporting cannabis exposure (ie, ever used cannabis in their lifetime).

Main Outcomes and Measures Cannabis exposure was measured with the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism. Whole-brain, hippocampus, amygdala, ventral striatum, and orbitofrontal cortex volumes were related to lifetime cannabis use (ever used, age at onset, and frequency of use) using linear regressions. Genetic (?g) and environmental (?e) correlations between cannabis use and brain volumes were estimated. Linear mixed models were used to examine volume differences in sex-matched concordant unexposed (n?=?71 pairs), exposed (n?=?81 pairs), or exposure discordant (n?=?89 pairs) sibling pairs.

Results Among 483 study participants, cannabis exposure was related to smaller left amygdala (approximately 2.3%; P?=?.007) and right ventral striatum (approximately 3.5%; P?

Starfighter ha dichiarato...

19 agosto 2015 4:19 - Starfighter23
.....VOGLIAMO STUDI DEL 2015 SE NO NON SEI CREDIBILE IDIOTA.

per poi dirci che ..

"ECCOTI IL TUO STUDIO DI HARVARD SMONTATO DALLO STESSO ISTITUTO CHE LO HA FATTO CON 2 STUDI UNO DEL 2013 E UNO DEL 2014 ..."

Ora, dal momento che detti studi propostici non sono del 2015, che cos'é Starfighter se non un ... IDIOTA !

Facciamo uno sforzo e superiamo l'idiozia di Starfighter per chiarire altre cosette.

Starfighter ha dichiarato anche ...

' Senti ho 40 anni e ho consumato cannabis da quando ho 14 anni ....'' .
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In relazione a quanto sopra, uno dei capi della ricerca, riportata da Starfighter , cosa ci dice ?

'.. Terrie Moffit, professor of psychiatry at King’s College London, commented to the BBC:
“It is such a special study that I’m fairly confident that cannabis is safe for over-18 brains, but risky for under-18 brains.”.
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Prendiamola per buona; per cui la conclusione a cui si arriva é: dal momento che Starfighter l'ha assunta prima del 18 anno di età, ha evidentemente corso dei rischi .

Riporto un mio precedente commento aggiornandolo ad oggi...

l fatto che Starfighter riporti ampia documentazione critica sui tentativi di
' ..minimizzazione del problema delle droghe e favorevole alla loro liberalizzazione.'
e
documentazione sugli effetti nulli delle stesse ,

ritengo la cosa ... pleonastica in quanto , nel leggere i commenti estemporanei dello stesso , al di là di qualsiasi studio scientifico o no, come si possono negare gli effetti deleteri sui neuroni da parte dell'erba magica ?

P.s. Nei pochi momenti in cui esci dal tuo mondo fatto di vaporizzatori e sative, fatto dire come pigiare il tasto ... sblocca maiuscole....